-
Conscience of the Cosmos: Thinking About Mother Earth and Father Sky
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, December 2022
Pages:
31-37
Received:
8 July 2022
Accepted:
28 July 2022
Published:
5 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ija.20221002.11
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Standing alone, eyes outward toward a dark, cloudless, country sky scattered thick with stars, our minds fill with questions. What are we in this immensity? We call ourselves intelligent. Two urgencies tug at our being: the beauty of what we behold overwhelms us; but we feel so tiny within this vastness. What can we do? Do we have responsibility? Can we make a difference in this reality? Yes, we are an example of the universe being able to contemplate itself. What more might be expected of us? A voice seems to echo from those distant walls of space and time as the thought enters upon our minds. “Are you ready? Are you willing to accept the awareness that YOU are the conscience of the cosmos?” The concept of Mother Earth and Father Sky seems to go back as far as we can go in sorting out the origins of human thoughts and beliefs about ourselves, about our planet, and about the inspirational canvas revealed overhead at night. Indeed, it seems likely that the inception of concepts of Earth as mother and Sky as father came from the deepest feelings and knowledge of earliest humans long ago and that this is now moving, back again, into our most advanced and provocative philosophical human understandings. This movement of conceptualization can be illustrated by a selection of three stories of origin that compose this essay. The first two emerge from primitive philosophy and here we select examples from Native America: The Mother Earth example is from the American Southwest (Navajo (Diné)); the Father Sky example comes from the American Plains (Pawnee) The third story, provided by discoveries of contemporary scientific exploration and discovery, ties it all together, testifying that we do, indeed, inherit our existence from Earth and sky, that we truly are children of Mother Earth and Father Sky. This realization leads us to the thought that we should accept the premise that humans can be and should be the conscience of the cosmos.
Abstract: Standing alone, eyes outward toward a dark, cloudless, country sky scattered thick with stars, our minds fill with questions. What are we in this immensity? We call ourselves intelligent. Two urgencies tug at our being: the beauty of what we behold overwhelms us; but we feel so tiny within this vastness. What can we do? Do we have responsibility? C...
Show More
-
Reintegration Technique (Missing Parts): In Conservation-Restoration of Antiquities
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, December 2022
Pages:
38-45
Received:
29 September 2022
Accepted:
17 October 2022
Published:
30 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ija.20221002.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The conservation, protection and enhancement of the historical values present in the archaeological and cultural heritage should be the only important concern. It is important to emphasize that, wherever possible during the integration and reintegration phases, the historical and aesthetic aspects of the monument are respected. The aim of restoration is not only to conserve the integrity of the resource, but also to reveal its cultural values and to improve the legibility of its original design. The aim of modern restoration - to reveal the original state within the limits of still existing material-thus differs from the past aim of bringing back the original by rebuilding a lost form. Therefore, any work on an object must be preceded by the studies of the physical and documentary evidences, object’s condition and significance of its cultural value. The regular maintenance of the Cultural heritage objects, both recently restored and non-restored, it is of great significance in the preservation and enhance of object’s durability. The treatment of gaps is not just the final act in a restoration, but must be viewed in a preliminary vision of the work of the relevant aspects of degradation and conservation, before and after the restoration. Reintegration intervention in the restoration, still have not found a unique methodology and precise, but it still relies on a case-by-case basis. Reintegration itself is an act of bringing together the components of painting or objects, stone or other materials, into a single fully seen harmony with the missing parts functioning as one.
Abstract: The conservation, protection and enhancement of the historical values present in the archaeological and cultural heritage should be the only important concern. It is important to emphasize that, wherever possible during the integration and reintegration phases, the historical and aesthetic aspects of the monument are respected. The aim of restorati...
Show More
-
Pros and Cons of Amelogenesis Imperfecta in the GARBA IV Hemi-Mandible, Melka Kunture, Ethiopia
Uri Zilberman,
Patricia Smith
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, December 2022
Pages:
46-50
Received:
27 November 2022
Accepted:
14 December 2022
Published:
23 December 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ija.20221002.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Background: Recently, Le Cabec et al. (2021) contested the identification of Zilberman et al. (2004), of Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) Type II/III in the Garba IVE Homo erectus child hemi-mandible and attributed the lack of contrast between enamel and dentin in this specimen to a unique form of diagenesis. Objectives: To assess the basis for their conclusions in view of the fact that the Le Cabec et al. (2021) study relates to a genetically and clinically distinct condition - Hypoplastic AI, and does not relate to the Type II/III AI syndrome th.at Zilberman et al. described. Method: The authors analyzed the Le Cabec et al. article and compared their findings with the radiological and clinical findings in Amelogenesis Imperfecta Type II/III. Results: Le Cabec et al. (2021) presented detailed scans and synchotron study that replicate and support the findings of Zilberman et al. (2004); in showing lack of differentiation between enamel and dentin - typical of Amelogenesis Imperfecta Type II/III condition - together with excellent preservation of enamel micromorphology and clearly defined pulp chambers and pulp canals. Moreover, chemical corrosion results in loss of tissue whereas there is no evidence of this in Garba IVE. Conclusion: The authors contend that the findings in Le Cabec et al. (2021) are characteristic features of Type II/III AI as initially diagnosed by Zilberman et al. (2004), and best account for the similarity seen in radio-opacity of enamel and dentin.
Abstract: Background: Recently, Le Cabec et al. (2021) contested the identification of Zilberman et al. (2004), of Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) Type II/III in the Garba IVE Homo erectus child hemi-mandible and attributed the lack of contrast between enamel and dentin in this specimen to a unique form of diagenesis. Objectives: To assess the basis for their c...
Show More
